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(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet I.

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No. 586,569. Patented July 20,1897.

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(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. D. SHERMAN.

MACHINE FOR MAKING PIPE.

No. 586,569. Pateni zgg July 20 1897.

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Patented July 20, 1897.

W. D. SHERMAN. MACHINE FOR MAKING PIPE.

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(No Model.)

(N0 Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 4.

W. D. SHERMAN. MACHINE FOR MAKING PIPE.

No. 586,569. Patented July 20, 1397 ll v \1 WITNESSES: INVENTW? aY /AIW W A TTORIIEY.

(No Model.)' 9 Sheets-Sheet 5.

W. D. SHERMAN. MACHINE FOR MAKING PIPE.

No. 586,569. Patented July 20, 1897.

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(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 7.

W. D. SHERMAN.

MAGHINE FOR MAKING PIPE.

No. 586,569. Patented July 20, 1897.

W ATTORNEY.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VILLIS D. SHERMAN, OF BROOKLYN, NElV YORK, ASSIGNOR OF THREE- FOURTHS TO CHARLES B. JOHNSON, JOHN J. VILSON, ELLIS H. BAIL- LIE, AND FRANK JOHNSON, OF SAME PLACE.

MACHINE FOR MAKING PIPE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 586,569, dated J uly 20, 1897.

Application filed December 14, 1895. Serial No. 572,126. (No model.)

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIS D. SHERMAN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Brooklyn, Kings county, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Making Pipe, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to machines for manufacturing pipe for sewerage, water-supply, drainage, and other similar purposes. Especially it relates to the manufacture of such pipe whereof the radius of curvature is different at different parts of the pipe, a familiar example being egg-shaped pipe.

More particularly the invention consists in the devices for, first, causing the rammers to move in and out according to the changing radius of curvature of the pipe and to reciprocate rapidly in a straight line while thus moving in and out, so as to deliver rapid powerful blows on the cement composition or other material of which the pipe is being made; second, for raising and lowering the core-bar and rammer-head, so that the chains thereof shall be taut and effective at all positions of the core-bar and rammer-head; third, for counterbalancin g the rammer-head fourth,for increasing or decreasing the weight of the rammer-head on the rammers, as desired, for the purpose of varying the force of the blows delivered by the rammers.

Referring to the drawings which accompany the specification to aid the description, Figure 1 is a front and Fig. 2 an end elevation of the machine. Fig. 3 is a plan of the top of the machine; Fig. 4., a broken plan of the cam-plate and rammer mechanism; Fig. 5, a plan of the parts below the core-bar. Fig. 6 is a broken elevation of certain parts arranged so that a pinion on the vertical shaft drives the turn-table and cam-plate without intermediate gears. Fig. 7 is a broken plan view of the same. Figs. 8, 9, and 10 are perspective views, respectively, of the eccentric sliding block and rammer. Fig. 11 is a perspective diagram of the chains for operating the core-bar and rainmer-head. Fig. 12 is a sectional detail of the clutch mechanism for controlling the main sprocket-wheel. Fig. 13 is an enlarged plan, partly broken, of the hopper, core, mold, and cain-driver. Fig. 14 is a detail section of the hopper; and Fig. 15, a broken section of the core, mold, hopper, and turn-table. Fig. 16 is a section, and Fig. 17 a broken elevation, of the'clutch mechanism for connecting and disconnecting the idlers of the core-bar and ram mer-head chains. Fig. 18 is a plan, on a very large scale, of the camplate and trailers, certain of the rammers being shown in section. Fig. 19 is a plan, and Fig. 20 a broken elevation, of the holddownchains of the rammer-head.

Standards A A, Fig. 1, are bolted on the longitudinal raised parts B of the bed-plate B, B being a channel for certain gear-trains. Turn-table O is pivoted on bed-plate B at c, b I) being conical antifriction-rollers carried by the bed-plate and on which turntable O revolves.

O is the core, doweled into the bottom of the mold D. (Z is a flange on the bottom of mold D, seating in a depression 0' in turn-table 0. Of course said core, mold, and depression will have the shape in cross-section of the pipe to be formed-for example, egg shape.

E is a hopper suspended by hooks ffroin core-bar F, which is formed with four arms, as shown, the ends of the arms working in guides in standards A A, ff, Fig. 1, being rollers under which the flange c of said hopper E revolves. The flange 6 of said hopper iits upon the top of mold D. Said core 0 is pivoted to core-bar F at f.

G is the rammer-head, working in guides in standards A A.

H is an annular cam-driver provided with gear-teeth on its periphery, revolving on antifriction-rollers 1' 1), Fig. 6, carried by said head G and guided by rollers 1 on said head G, working in the circular groove 2 in the camdriver H.

I is the annular cam-plate,bolted to the camdriver H. Of course I could make the camplate and cam-driver in one piece, but 1 prefer to make them separate and bolt them together, as shown.

Main shaft J turns in boxes on standard A A". Main pulley K is loose on shaft J. K is a frictiondisk adapted to bear on the inside of pulley K. Links 70 7c connect disk K with collar Kiwhich slides on and turns with shaft J.

The short arm of lever K trunnioned at 70, is yoke-shaped and carries studs which engage the circumferential groove of collar K Thus the motion of lever K in one direct-ion forces disk K against the surface of pulley K and in the other direction draws said disk K off said surface.

Bevel-gearj, Fig. 1, on shaft J meshes with bevel-gearl on vertical shaft L. Pinion m on shaft L drives vertical shaft M at the other end of the machine through gear-train 3 4 5 0, carried on studs on bed-plate B. Pinion n of shaft L drives pinion 0 on shaft p, and pinion g on said shaft p meshes with the gearteeth on turn-table (J. Pinion r on a sleeve 8, which turns in boxes carried by rammer-head G, drives pinion 13, also carried by head G, Fig. 1, and pinion on the shaft of pinion 13 meshes with the gear-teeth on cam-driver II. Said sleeve 8 slides longitudinally on and revolves with shaft L by reason of a feather on said shaft and groove in said sleeve, and said sleeve 5 is positioned in the said box by collar 20. A similar sleeve S, sliding on shaft M, is carried inboxes on the otherend of the 'rammer-head.

certain intermediate gears, are also arranged at proper intervals between the plates 26, and said frames may have a box for said sleeve S. Slots 32 are formed in said plates 25 20, adjacent to posts 30, for the slides T, and wide radial slots 35, Fig. 4, are cut through said plates in line with the slots 32, approximately normal to the cam-groove 82, 36 being guideways for said slides T. In plan, Fig. 4,

' said slides are yoke-shaped and have at either "short shaft 57, carried on the frame 31 of rammer-head G, and bevel-gear 60 011 said shaft 57 meshes at each side with similar gears 61 on similar shafts 45. Each said gear 61 meshes with an intermediate gear 63, similar to the aforesaid gear 55, and each gear 63 in turn meshes with another gear 61 on a shaft 45. On the other side of the machine is a similar series of intermediate gears 55 63, shafts 45, and gears 61. Each said gear (51 has a sleeve 68, Fig. 6, revolving in boxes 70 on said posts and provided with a square axial hole through which reciprocate the square ends of said shafts 45. A round portion 71 of said shafts turns in a bush 44 of slide T, and 72 is an eccentric carried thereby. Shaft 45 is positioned in slide T by a thrust-collar 44. A sleeve '75 turns in the bearing 52 of each slide T, being positioned therein by the flange 77 and the collar 78. Said flange 77 carries antifriction-rollers 8O 81, (called trailers,) on studs, as shown, Fig. 9, and said rollers trail in the groove 82 of cam-plate H, said groove 82 being the shape of the pipe to be formed. Thus as camplate H revolves said rollers 80 81 will cause slide T, with shaft 45, to reciprocate and sleeve 75 to oscillate according to the varying curvature of cam-groove 82.

Rammers U,-one for each shaft 45, are arranged between the core 0 and mold D, that part of said rammers which is in the mold being broad and fiat, as shown, and conveniently made of a piece of an I-beam, positioned so as to be practically tangential to the core. The upper ends 91 of said rammers are round, being guided through the bearings 52 54 of the slides T, and have way-blocks 93, with horizontal ways 94 95, between which the sliding blocks 92 are retained and reciprocated as the eccentric 72, which works in the hole 92 of said blocks, revolves. The revolution of said eccentric 72 causes the rammers U to reciprocate vertically. The extreme upper ends 96 of said rammers rise into the sleeves 75 and have feathers which work in vertical grooves 99 of the sleeves 75, said sleeves being long enough to permit of the reciprocation of said rammers. Thrustcollars 97 97 position the rammers U'in the way-blocks'93. Thus the oscillation of the sleeves 75 causes the flat parts of the said ramm ers to always take a position tangential to the curvature of the cores 0, as before said. Said ram mers U maybe made in one piece or preferably may have their upper parts separate and connected with the flat lower parts in any suitable manner. Thus the revolution of shafts L M causes the mold, core, and cam-plate to revolve at the same speed in the same direction, the slides T, with the rammers U, to move in and out from the center according to the varying dimensions of the mold, the said rammers to reciprocate so as to deliver rapid powerful blows on and pack the material in the mold around the core, and said rammers to oscillate on their vertical axes, so that the lower parts shall be always practically tengential to the cores C. This last-named feature is of'much importance, for it permits the use of a rec- IOf ISC

tangular, and in making small pipe the curved form may be preferable.

fllechanism for raising corabcm' and rammcr-head.-The hub of pulley K carries a pinion 100, meshing with pinion 101, fixed on shaft 102 either with or without an intermediate pinion. Said pinions and 101 have faces broad enough to permit of the reciprocation of shaft 102 without interrupting the meshes of said pinions. Bevel-gears 10t 105, with the bevels oppositely and inwardly inclined, are adjacent to each other and loose on shaft 102, being positioned thereon by thrust-collars between the caps 107. Each gear 101 105 has conical flanges 108 109, respectively, on its end. Cones 110 111 are fixed and positioned on shaft 102, so that when said shaft is slid in one direction cone 110 wedges in flange 108 of gear 104, and when slid in the other direction cone 111 wedges in flange 109 of gear 105. Bevel-gear 115, fixed on vertical shaft 116, meshes with both gears 101 105. orm 117 on shaft 116 meshes with worm-wheel 118, fixed on shaft 120, on which is fixed a sprocket drivingwheel 121, and there is a similar sprocketwheel121 on the other end of shaft 120. Thus according to the direct-ion in which shaft 102 is shifted the sprocket-wheel 121 will be revolved in one or the other direction. Said shaft 102 is shifted by bent lever 1V, trunnioned at 124:. Pins on the yoke of the short arm of said lever engage a groove in the periphery of the collars 125, fixed on said shaft 102. A chain X, starting from a becket 126 on one end of core-bar F, passes downward partly around sprocket wheel 121, thence upward through a hole in the corebar and partly around an idler 127 loose on shaft 128, which is fixed transversely in stand ards 129 on top of the machine, thence partly around an idler 131, loose on shaft 132, supported in hearings in standards 183 near the other end of the machine, thence down to a becket at the other end of the core-bar. Therefore chain X has three parallel lengths, respectively, 1 2103, and by reason of this arrangement, which is an important part of the invention, said chain X remains taut and will operate the core'bar effectually at all the positions of the same. Sprocket-chain X, similar to chain X, starts from a becket at the end of the core-bar F opposite to becket 126, thence goes downward around idler 14:1, pivoted on the frame, thence upward through a hole 112 in the core-bar around idler 111, loose on shaft 132, thence around idler 1'15, loose on shaft 128, thence down to becket 1.16 on the end of the core-bar near becket 126. Thus chain X has three lengths as w, respectively, parallel to each other andremains taut and effective at all positions of the core-bar F. There are chains X X for the other side of the core-bar, respectively, similar to chains X X and carried by idlers 151, loose on shaft 128, and idlers 153 154C, loose on shaft 132. and keep horizontal the four ends or corners of the core-bar at all its positions. S procketchain Y leads from becket on the top frame A down and partly around sleeve 161 at one end of head G, thence up and partly around idler 162, loose 011 shaft 128 and adjacent to idler 127, thence horizontally and partly around idler 165, fixed on shaft 166, turning in bearings on the top of the machine, thence down to a becket 168 on the counterpoise Z. From a becket 169 on counterpoise Z sprocket-chain Y leads up partly around idler 170, fixed on shaft 166, thence downward partly around idler 172 at the end of head G opposite to idler 161, thence up to a becket 173 on the top frame A For the other side of head G there are a chain Y similar to chain Y, and a chain Y similar to chain Y, idlers 175 176, fixed on shaft 166, and idler 178, loose on shaft 128. All the hereinbefore-mentioned idlers are sprocketwheels, and said idlers 162, 165,170, 175, 176, and 178 are twice the diameter of idlers 127, 1 15, 150, and 151, because chains Y Y Y Y each go around an idler that is carried by head Gr.

Pins 180 181, connected by a cross-bar 183, and which are threaded on their ends, pass through sockets 185 in the hub of idler 162 and have heads 188 189, respectively, which enter sockets in idler 127. Springs 193 normally press the heads into said sockets, so that idler 162 revolves with idler 127. A rod 195 leads through a hole in shaft 128, pressing against cross-bar183, and its other end is engaged by the short end 197 of lever 198, pivoted at 200. 201 is a chamber in shaft 128 to permit the working of lever 198. A rod 205, working in guides 206 207, leads from lever 198 down adjacent to lever V, 210 211 being projections placed on rod 205 to actuate lever WV in opposite directions when rod 205 is moved by the head G, striking in its upward and clownward motion against lugs 215 216, respectively, on said rod 205. Thus when rod 205 is raised lever 198 takes the position shown in Fig. 16, and pins 180 181 (forming in effect a clutch) enter the holes in idler 127, and idler 162, together with its chain Y, is moved. \Vhen rod 205 draws lever 198 down, arm 197 pushes rod 195, the pins are withdrawn from the holes in idler 127, and idler 162 does not move with idler 127. The arrangement of the chains for the core-bar and rammer-head and the clutch, as above described, gives complete control of the movements of the corebar and rammer-head. The latter is free to rise during the operation of ramming material into the mold without moving the former, or it can be raised by the core-bar or along with it. Thus when the core-bar F is raised by causing sprocket-wheel 121 to revolve in Said four chains operate the proper direction (the clutch at idlers 127 and 162 being normally disconnected when hammer-head is down) said core-bar F lifts rammer-head G with it independently of said clutch mechanism until the rammer-head strikes stop 215. The first upward movement of rod 205 thus produced operates lever 198, so as to permit pins 180 181 to engage idler 127. After this rod 205 travels a little farther until it has thrown lever W to the central position, wherein the bevel-gears 10l are both disengaged from shaft 102 and sprocket-wheel 121 stops, also stopping the core-bar.

Now to start head G down the operator throws lever W up, thus causing sprocket- Wheel 121 to revolve in the proper direction. Pins 181 being engaged, as above stated,

.with idler 127 idler 162 is revolved, operating the chains of the rammer-head and causing it to descend with the core-bar until lug on j rod 205 is struck by the rammer-head, first disengaging the clutch at the idlers 127 and 162 and immediately after throwing lever W back to the central position and stopping sprocket-wheel121. Lever W, it will be seen, also gives the operator acertain direct control of the movements of both core-bar and rammer-head, since by throwing it in the one or the other direction he can raise or depress rod 205 and operate the clutch at the top of the machine by said lever striking the stops 210 211 on rod 205.

The brake and holddowm-W'hen'the counterpoise Z is free to exert its weight on the rammer-head' G, evidently the blows of the rammers U will be light. To increase the force of the blows, I have provided, first, a brake mechanism to prevent the counterpoise from acting on the rammer-head, and, second, a holddown to increase the weight of the rammer-head on the rammers, and first describing the brake and its connections wheel 230, fixedon shaft 166, has a strap-brake 234, operated in the usual manner by lever 235, pivoted at 236,- Fig. 3. A rod 238, Fig. 1, connects lever 235 with an arm 2 10 of a bellcrank pivoted at 241. The other arm 242 of said bell-crank is connected by rod 245 with a treadle' 250. By depressing the treadle the operator can brake shaft 166 and thus prevent the counterpoise Z from exerting any lifting pull on the head Gr.

The h0ZcZcZ0wn.-On drums 255, Figs. 19 and 20, fixed on shaft 166, are fastened and wound in the same direction two chains or cables 257 265, respectively. Cable 257 leads down and partly around an idler 259 on shaft 149, and thence up to a becket 260 on one end of rammer-head G. Cable 265 leads from its drum horizontally and partly around idler 269, loose on shaft 128, thence downward and partly around idler 266, loose on shaft 120, and thence up to a becket 270 on head G and diametrically opposite to becket 260. Thus when I use the holddown'the brake by stopto hold down rammer-head G, thereby increasing the weight of the same on the rammers U.

In Fig. Gshaft M has pinions 01 and 1, which mesh, respectively, with turn-table C and cam-driver H without intermediate pinions. In all other respects the arrangement of the parts is the same as hereinafter described.

To change the machine so as to make dif ferent sizes of pipe, cam-plate I will be taken off and another plate with a different camgroove will be substituted, the mold and core being correspondingly changed.

It will be observed that the rammer-head is so constructed that there is at all times a clear opening through the center. This opening is provided in order to permit of feeding the cement from above the rammer-head should I choose to do so.

The operaton.The core-bar and ram merhead being in the position of Fig. 1 a suitable quantity of mixed sand and cement and water is put into the mold and the machine started. From time to time additional material is added, the rammers rising and lifting the rammer-head, because the clutch at the top of r the machine is disengaged. When the pipe is finished, the attendant stops the ram'mers by lever K draws down lever WV, and thus starts sprocket 121, which moves the core-bar chains and raises the core-bar, which in its turn raises the rammer-head until lever WV returns to its middle position in the manner hereinbefore described, stopping the core-bar and rammer-head. Now the mold is removed from underneath the core-bar and another mold substituted. The operator now raises lever WV, thus causing the core-bar and rammer-head to descend again to the position of Fig. 1, when lever W is automatically again brought to the middle position. The operator now starts the rammers by lever K and makes another pipe. \Vhen he wishes to put additional force on the rammers, he depresses treadle 250 and brings the holddown-chains and the brake into operation, as described.

Now, having described my improvements, I claim as my invention 1. In a pipe-making machine, the combination of a rammer-head a revoluble cam-plate thereon, a shaft and pinion at the periphery of and adapted to drive said cam-plate, rammers, eccentrics or cranks reciprocating said rammers, shafts for the same adapted to be driven by the first-named shaft, and connections between the rammers and the cam-plate so that the revolution of the cam-plate causes the rammers to move in and out from the center of the cam-plate, substantially as described.

2. The combination in a pipe-making machine, of a revoluble cam-plate, oscillating and reciprocating rammers, and trailers on the rammers adapted to engage the cam-plate and oscillate the rammers at right angles to ping the drums 255 causes the cables 257 265 1 their axis, substantially as described.

3. A rammer-head, ramlners carried thereby, slides T adapted to reciprocate in said rammer-head and to move said rammers in and out, ways for the slides, a revoluble camplate carried by the rammer-head, trailers on the rammers adapted to engage the cam-plate, and means for rotating the cam-plate, substantially as described.

l. The combination with shafts L M, of a ram mer-head ,intermediate pinions carried by the rannner-head and certain of said intermediate pinions driven from said shafts L M, driving-pinions meshing with said intermediate pinions, shafts driven by but reciprocating through said driving-pinions, rammers actuated by said last-named shafts, a revolving cam plate, and connections between said rammers and said plate whereby the revolution of the cam-plate causes the rainmers to move in and out, substantially as described.

5. The combination of the annular top plates and bottom plates of a rammer-head, posts between the same, boxes through the posts, gears carried in the boxes, shafts working through and revolving with said gears, slides reciprocating between said top and bottom plates, rannners carried by the slides, a revoluble cam-plate on the ram mer-head, and connections between the rammers and the cam-plate, substantially as described.

6. The combination of a core-bar, chains for raising and lowering the same and having three parallel lengths, a sprocket-wheel for driving the chains, and reversing-gear for arresting and reversing the direction of the sprocket-wheel, substantially as described.

7. A rainmer-head, chains for raising and lowering said rammer-head, a counterpoise on the end of said chains, sprocket-idlers for said chains, and a brake for arresting at least one of said idlers, substantially as described.

8. The combination of a core-bar, a rammer-head, a chain for said core-bar, a chain for said ran1mer-head, a driving-sprocket for the core-bar chain, an idler 127 therefor, an

idler 162 for the rammer-head chain adjacent to said idler 127, and a clutch adapted to connect and disconnect said idlers with and from each other, substantially as described.

9. The combination of a rammer-head, holddown-chains connected therewith and adapted to check the rising of the rammer-head, drums for the chains, and a brake for the drums, substantially as described.

10. The combination of the core-bar, chain therefor, rammer-head, chain therefor, idlers for said chains, a clutch adapted to engage said idlers with and disengage them from each other, and devices adapted to be engaged by the rammer-head for operating the clutch, substantially as described.

11. The combination of the core-bar, chain therefor, sprocket-Wheel for driving the chain, rammcr-head, chain therefor, idlers for said chains, a clutch for engaging and disengaging said idlers with and from each other, levers for operating said clutches, a rod actuated by said rammer-head and adapted to engage first one and then the other clutch-lever, substantially as described.

12. The combination with a rammer-head adapted to rise and fall above a mold, raminers adapted to work in a mold, and a camplate carried by the rammer-head, of an external vertical main shaft adjacent to the rammer-head and adapted to drive the camplate and the rammers, substantially as described.

13. A rammer-head provided with a clear central through-and-through opening, sub stantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name, in presence of two Witnesses, this 6th day of December, 1895.

lVlLLIS D. SHERMAN.

Witnesses:

BERNARD J. ISEOKE, HENRY N. BROWN. 

